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Question:

Hi, in bash context what is the difference between parameter and variable?

Answer:

In a bash context a parameter is an entity that stores values. Furthermore, a parameter can be a name ( variable ), number ( positional parameter ) or special character ( special parameter ). Therefore, a variable is a parameter denoted by a name. ( see: man bash ). Let's have a closer look on all three bash parameters:
Variable

Variable has a value assigned to it. It also can have 0 or more attributes. A value may be assigned to a variable by a following statement:
Code:
name=[value]

Example:

#!/bin/bash

myname="Gnu Bash"
printf "%s\n" "$myname"
Positional parameter

Positional parameter is denoted by one or digits. It is assigned by one or more arguments supplied to a script upon the script execution.
Example:

Code:
 #!/bin/bash

printf "%s\n" "My name is $1 $2"
Special Parameters

Special parameters are denoted by a one or more special characters from a following list: *, @, #, ?, -, $, !, 0 and _ . For example * expands to positional parameters. In other words it prints all arguments supplied on the command line upon the script execution:

Code:
 #!/bin/bash
echo $*
OUTPUT:

Code:
./special GNU Bash parameter vs variable
GNU Bash parameter vs variable
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